书信是人际交往中必不可少的方式之一,而在IELTS、TOEFL、GRE等各种英语考试中,书信写作也是常见的题目类型之一。但是,不同类型的书信对应不同的书信格式,格式不对则会影响最终的得分。因此,在考试中加强对英语作文书信格式的认识十分重要。
本文将详细介绍英语作文书信格式,并提供一些书信写作的范文,供参考。
一、信头(Header)
信头通常出现在电子邮件和信纸的顶部。它包括以下信息:
a) 日期: 问题考生的英语考试中,日期通常只是一项其他信息中的其中一项,但在实际生活中,它是很重要的。因为如果是正式的信件,日期可以帮助你准确记录你的信件,并让接收者了解你写信的具体时间。
b) 地址: 如果你是写信给一个固定地址的机构或个人(特别是信件的官方部分),你需要明确这个地址以便你的信件准确送达。
c) 信头称呼: 这通常是在正式书信中使用的,并用于标识你写给谁的信。你应该遵循一般的信头规则,包括:先写收件人姓名、然后是他们的职位、公司、带区号的电话号码以及电子邮件地址。
二、起始语和称呼
这是信封和信件中的下一个元素部分。在这里,你需要决定称呼接收者的方式。不同类型的书信对应不同的起始语和称呼。
a) 正式书信:对于正式书信,你应该使用逗号并在称呼中使用收件人的称谓,如例子所示:
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Smith,
b) 非正式书信:在非正式书信中,你可以使用更友好的开始,如:
Dear John,
Hi there,
Hey Tom,
三、信件主体
信件主体通常由三部分组成:第一部分讲述写信的原因,第二部分解释细节内容,第三部分提供建议或请求。不同类型的信件需要强调的部分不同。
a) 申请信(Application letter)
申请信是用于向公司、学校或组织申请职位、奖学金、实习或其他的校外活动等的一种信件。它应该提供一些关于你能为该公司或组织做什么的细节,以及你的教育、工作背景和技能等信息。
范文: Application letter
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am writing to express my interest in the internship program that your company is currently offering. I am a year two student at the National University of Singapore majoring in Business Administration.
I am a highly motivated individual with a strong academic background. I have completed various internships in the past, including one at a start-up company, which gave me valuable experience in market research and project management. I believe that my skills and experience would enable me to make a meaningful contribution to your team.
I would like to express my sincere interest in applying for the position of intern. Please find my resume attached for your reference. Thank you for taking the time to read my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
John
b) 投诉信(Complaint letter)
投诉信是用来表达你对某个服务的不满意的书信。它应该明确表达你对问题的看法,并提供可能的解决方法。
范文: Complaint letter
Dear Manager,
I am writing to complain about the recent experience I had with your restaurant. My family and I visited your establishment on Saturday evening to celebrate my husband's birthday, and unfortunately we had a terrible experience.
Firstly, when we arrived, the place was almost empty, yet we had to wait for almost 30 minutes for a table to be prepared, and there was no apology. Secondly, the food arrived late and was cold. Finally, when I pointed out the problem to the waiter, I was met with indifference, and no action was taken to resolve the issue.
I hope that you can take my complaint seriously and try to improve the quality of your services. I suggest you consider a compensation package for future patrons who, like us, suffered a negative experience.
Sincerely,
Jane
c) 道歉信(Apology letter)
道歉信是在你犯了错误或做了不得体的事,或者可能伤害到某人或某组织你需要向他们道歉的情况下使用的一种信件。它应该表达你对问题的抱歉,并明确表达你打算尽力修复错误的意愿。
范文: Apology letter
Dear John,
I am writing this letter to apologize for my poor behavior at the company party last Friday night. I am fully aware that my behavior was unacceptable and unprofessional, and I regret having caused any distress or inconvenience.
Please rest assured that I take full responsibility for my actions, and I am doing my best to make things right. I have talked with our HR manager and have enrolled in an anger management course. Additionally, I promised to treat all colleagues with respect and professionalism, and not to repeat this behavior in the future.
I would like to formally apologize to you and your team again for any hurt I may have caused. I am constantly striving to improve myself and my professional development, and to contribute positively to the team. Thank you for your understanding and support during this difficult time.
Sincerely,
Tom
四、落款
一个合适的落款是一个好的信件结束的标志。在这里,你需要再次表达感谢、希望和请求,并用适当的称呼结束这封信件。不同类型的书信对应不同的落款。
a) 正式书信
在正式书信的落款中,您应该称呼收件人并再次感谢他们看信的时间。例如:
Yours sincerely,
b) 非正式书信
在非正式书信的落款中,你不需要庄重得多。不过,也应该总结信件内容并再次感谢接收者的时间。例如:
Thanks,
Cheers,
五、结尾语
结尾语不是信件的必要部分,但如果你想在你的信件中展示一些亲切或感性的东西,那么这是一个非常好的机会。
下面是一些合适的例子:
Sincerely yours,
Best regards,
With gratitude,
With appreciation,
In friendship,
在写书信时,要依据不同的书信类型,采用对应的书信格式。这里提供的书信范例希望能够帮助考生更好地学习书信格式和写作,为英语考试取得优异的成绩打下坚实的基础。
TAGS: 英语书信范文参考正式书信英语格式个人书信英语格式